Radio oncology is a medical specialty in which ionized radiation is used in the treatment of cancer. Regulated dosage of high-energy radiation is used as to treat cancer. Cancer cells die immediately when the radiation is passed. In some cases, the radiation kills the chromosome and DNA which in turn loses the ability to divide, thereby killing the tumor.
Rapid arc therapy is one of the most advanced and pioneer techniques in the treatment of cancer. Unlike the traditional radiology methods, a rapid arc is very precise which makes the patient feel more comfortable and they never feel like getting treated. They just walk out as simply as they walk in. The advantage of rapid arc is, the time it consumes for the treatment is only 2 to 3 minutes, a maximum up to 6 minutes with the radiation concentrated only on the tumor, there other parts receive very minimal radiation.
Image-guided radiation therapy is a technique in which the machine delivers linear accelerated radiation and captures the image of the respective tumor. The physician compares the received image with the image already captured during the stimulation process.
IGRT is mainly used to treat tumors located in the parts that are prone to movement such as the lungs (affected by breathing), liver and prostate gland. It is also used in tumors situated near a critical gland or tissue.
In this kind of therapy, the radiation machine rotates around the patient to inject a sharply focused radiation into the affected cell, thereby sparing the other healthy tissues around. This is done by pointing out several beam of radiation from infinite angles. More to emphasis on accuracy 3D images at ultra doses are obtained, which assures that the technician is so quick and accurate in locating the position of the tumor, prior to the treatment. This arc-based radiation therapy makes the radiation oncologist to treat the tumor located in a critical position. i.e. around an organ.
It does not involve any surgical process as the name sounds. This therapy was initially implemented for brain tumors. A précised radiation is injected at a much higher dose to the affected area to about 2mm and only a minimal dose to the nearby non-affected healthy tissues
Surgical oncology is a branch of surgery that was applied in the treatment of cancer before the age of medical oncology. This was the only method used in the only remedy for cancer in yester years. It is nothing but a surgical method involved in the treatment of cancer. Before the actual surgical process, the physician gets the previous history of the patient which gives him an overall idea about the treatment and its after-effects. This also helps him to determine whether the cancer has any chance and decides on further surgical progression.
The main aim of the medical oncologist is to remove the cancer cells along with some amount of nearby healthy tissues. This process is called clear margin or clear excision. Clear margin is to make sure of the non-recurring of cancer.
During such situation, the physician undergoes a technique called debulking to remove as much tumor as possible and get of symptoms like pain, airway obstruction and bleeding. The contribution of surgical oncologists becomes high in case of debulking. They provide expert advice on biopsy, optimal image guidance and what role, if necessary.
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